The RAT Model, developed by Dr. Joan Hughes, allows teachers to self-assess their integration of technology in the classroom. According to the RAT Model, digital technology can be used as replacement, amplification, or transformation in the classroom.

What is rat framework?

RAT is an assessment framework for understanding technology’s role in teaching, learning and curricular practices, originally developed for PK-12 education, but it has been applied in higher education, especially in pre-service teacher education.

Who is the founder of education technology?

This theoretical framework was developed in the early 20th century based on animal learning experiments by Ivan Pavlov, Edward Thorndike, Edward C. Tolman, Clark L. Hull, and B.F.

When was Picrat developed?

With this backdrop, we propose a new theoretical model, PICRAT, built on the previous work of Hughes et al. ( 2006 ), which can guide student teachers in developing technology integration literacies.

What is Picrat model?

PIC-RAT is a recently developed technology integration model whose framework assumes that there are two foundational questions that a teacher must ask about any technology use in their classrooms. What is the students’ relationship to the technology? (PIC: Passive, Interactive, Creative)

What is a rodent model?

ABSTRACT. Rodents (especially Mus musculus and Rattus norvegicus) have been the most widely used models in biomedical research for many years. A notable shift has taken place over the last two decades, with mice taking a more and more prominent role in biomedical science compared to rats.

Why rat and SAMR is very similar in technological integration?

RAT and SAMR are very similar technology integration models, though RAT has been used more often by researchers and SAMR has been used more often by teachers. Redefinition and transformation both deal with technology use that empowers teachers and students to learn in new, previously impossible ways.

How was technology introduced in education?

The Vocational Education Act in 1963 funded technology use in schools. As a result, students learned programming languages like BASIC, and PCs gradually made their way into some classrooms. The idea was to create student-centered learning activities that required hands-on exploration.

When did technology start in education?

The research in the 1950s and 1960s on programmed instruction laid the foundation for the development of more advanced learning systems. Computers were first used in education in the 1960s in a way that was intended to individualize instruction. This method became known as computer assisted instruction (CAI).

Where was education founded?

Mesopotamia. As a civilization contemporary with Egyptian civilization, Mesopotamia developed education quite similar to that of its counterpart with respect to its purpose and training. Formal education was practical and aimed to train scribes and priests.

What is SAMR model of technology integration?

The SAMR Model is a framework created by Dr. Ruben Puentedura that categorizes four different degrees of classroom technology integration. The letters “SAMR” stand for Substitution, Augmentation, Modification, and Redefinition. This is why it’s better to think of the SAMR model more as a spectrum.

What does Picrat stand for?

Rating. PICRAT. Passive Interactive Creative Replacement Amplification Transformation.

What is Triple E in education?

The Triple E is a practical framework that measures the degree to which the technology in a lesson is helping students meet the learning goals. The framework is based on three components: Engagement in learning goals, Enhancement of learning goals, and Extension of learning goals.

Which technology integrated model is more useful for researchers?

TPACK is the most commonly used technology integration model amongst educational researchers. The goal of TPACK is to provide educators with a framework that is useful for understanding technology’s role in the educational process.

What are the 21st century life skills?

The twelve 21st Century skills are:

• Critical thinking.
• Creativity.
• Collaboration.
• Communication.
• Information literacy.
• Media literacy.
• Technology literacy.
• Flexibility.